Monday, March 2, 2009

Honeysuckle

By Victoria Katelyn

Fly honeysuckle is a densely branched shrub growing to a height of 1-2 m. The twigs are grey, hollow inside, the buds longish ovate with pointed tip, placed almost at right angles to the twig. Immediately above the pair of buds there is usually another pair of smaller ones. The whitish flowers appear in May. The red berries ripen at the end of July. They are bitter and inedible but not poisonous. This honeysuckle is a fast-growing shrub that can be propagated by means of seeds as well as by woody and green cuttings.

It is a popular shrub in parks and gardens, where it is planted as an ornamental climber on archways, fences, pergolas and the walls of buildings.

The guelder rose is a shrub, 2-4 m in height, of upright habit with yellowish bark. The shoots are yellow-grey, faintly angular in cross section, the buds ovate, reddish brown, with short stalks. The whitish flowers appear in May and June followed by the fruits, which develop only from the small flowers in the centre of the cluster. When the small red berries ripen in September the pulp has an unpleasant smell; enclosed inside is a flat, pinkish stone.

The guelder rose is a fast-growing shrub with widespreading root system which produces both stump and root suckers freely. It is best propagated by means of seeds and hard and softwood cuttings.

Widely distributed throughout most of Europe, it extends northward even beyond the Arctic Circle. In central and western Europe it grows in damp situations alongside streams and rivers, being particularly fond of soil rich in humus and lime. Since it thrives well in shade it is often found in woods and scrub. It is most plentiful in lowland and hilly country, individual specimens occurring in the mountains up to about 1000 m.

Also found in mountain areas are the species Lonicera alpigena and Lonicera coerulea, both of which grow at higher elevations between 1000 and 2000 m, mostly on light, lime-rich soils. They produce flowers in May. The first species has greenish flowers succeeded by glossy red, paired berries, the second yellowish flowers and large, blue-black berries produced by the fusion of two ovaries.

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