Shrubs are closely relate&to trees, the two supplementing each other in complex forest communities where the former form the lower layer. Their shorter height and better adaptability to extreme conditions enable them to penetrate even areas where trees cannot grow and to establish extensive thickets.
Important in park landscaping are climbing and rambling shrubs (common ivy, traveller's joy, honeysuckle) for walls, fences, arbours, pergolas and pillars. Shrubs may be further divided according to various criteria, e.g. fast-growing and slow-growing, thorny and non-thorny, but these distinctions are of lesser significance.
Some deciduous shrubs are often used to form hedges of varying height and thickness because they stand up well to pruning. These include also certain thorny species that form practically impenetrable hedges. For this purpose, shrubs may be divided into two groups: those that form hedges more than 2 al high and those that grow to a height of 1-1.5 m.
At the first hint of spring the sallow provides bees with their first nourishment of pollen and nectar after their long winter sleep. In March sun- warmed hillsides in central and eastern Europe are covered with the yellow blooms of the cornelian cherry, which likewise attract swarms of bees.
And with the actual arrival of spring, there is a wealth of blossom in shades of yellow, pink, red and other hues, as shrubs in hedgerows, pastures and forest clearings entice their many and varied insect pollinators. The fruits and seeds of shrubs are disseminated, as a rule, by birds and animals that cat the sweet pulp or protein-rich and oily seeds. The fruits of the common elder, red elder, currants, privet, English holly, blackthorn and many other shrubs are favourites with birds and their seeds are dispersed far and wide. For songbirds, however, shrubs are not just a source of food. The dense and sometimes thorny branches of many shrubs provide them with maintain for lack of light.
These general criteria, however, do not always apply. Some species of shrubs may include specimens with a clearly evident main stem (Cornelian cherry, common buckthorn, English holly), and in rare instances some may even attain a height of more than 8 m (hawthorn, English holly). These general characteristics, however, apply to the majority of shrubs.
Important in park landscaping are climbing and rambling shrubs (common ivy, traveller's joy, honeysuckle) for walls, fences, arbours, pergolas and pillars. Shrubs may be further divided according to various criteria, e.g. fast-growing and slow-growing, thorny and non-thorny, but these distinctions are of lesser significance.
Some deciduous shrubs are often used to form hedges of varying height and thickness because they stand up well to pruning. These include also certain thorny species that form practically impenetrable hedges. For this purpose, shrubs may be divided into two groups: those that form hedges more than 2 al high and those that grow to a height of 1-1.5 m.
At the first hint of spring the sallow provides bees with their first nourishment of pollen and nectar after their long winter sleep. In March sun- warmed hillsides in central and eastern Europe are covered with the yellow blooms of the cornelian cherry, which likewise attract swarms of bees.
And with the actual arrival of spring, there is a wealth of blossom in shades of yellow, pink, red and other hues, as shrubs in hedgerows, pastures and forest clearings entice their many and varied insect pollinators. The fruits and seeds of shrubs are disseminated, as a rule, by birds and animals that cat the sweet pulp or protein-rich and oily seeds. The fruits of the common elder, red elder, currants, privet, English holly, blackthorn and many other shrubs are favourites with birds and their seeds are dispersed far and wide. For songbirds, however, shrubs are not just a source of food. The dense and sometimes thorny branches of many shrubs provide them with maintain for lack of light.
These general criteria, however, do not always apply. Some species of shrubs may include specimens with a clearly evident main stem (Cornelian cherry, common buckthorn, English holly), and in rare instances some may even attain a height of more than 8 m (hawthorn, English holly). These general characteristics, however, apply to the majority of shrubs.
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When the contours and layout of the garden have been plotted on a flat garden plan, you can begin to translate the shapes into walls, steps and paves areas which will form the basic skeleton of the garden.
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