Holland's success prompted the foundation of the English East India Company by London merchants in 1600, to which the Dutch retaliated two years later by founding the Dutch East India Company in 1602. From then on there was stiff competition between the two with each fighting for control of the spice trade. One happy outcome, however, was that Europe came to know not only Oriental spices but also silk and porcelain.
In 1524 he was appointed viceroy of India for his discoveries, which enriched Portugal and raised her to the front rank among European nations. In time Portugal had a monopoly on the lucrative trade in herbs and spices, supplying Europe with pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg and ginger. The Mediterranean remained relatively unimportant as a trade route until the opening of the Suez Canal and Venice was replaced by Lisbon as the centre of commerce in herbs and spices.
Portugal's influence was extended later as far as Madagascar, Sumatra and Java, and above all to Malacca, famed spice port in the south Malay Peninsula. The island of Ternate became the centre of the spice trade and despite the persistent and often bloody defense of the native Muslims the Portuguese gradually gained a monopoly on the world spice trade.
Portugal's greatest competitors at that time were the Spaniards, who sought a shorter route to India, one that would not entail sailing round the southernmost tip of Africa. As chance would have it it was again a Portuguese - Ferndo de Magalhdes, better known as Magellan, who in the service of Spain and financed by the Spanish King Carlos V, sailed westward in 1519 with a crew of 265 and discovered a new route.
The sobriety of the early 19th century, marked by a preference for Biedermeier sweets eaten while sipping coffee or chocolate, was replaced at the end of the century by a newly revived interest in the cookery of distant lands. Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and other restaurants sprang up in Paris, London and other major European cities and have remained popular and successful to this day.
Herbs and spices have been gaining in popularity since the end of World War II - not only in restaurants but also in the household. Skilful use of herbs and spices is important in all good cookery. It is becoming a hobby for many people not only to cook with herbs and spices, but also to be able to identify fresh herbs, grow them at home or in the garden, and preserve them for winter use.
In 1524 he was appointed viceroy of India for his discoveries, which enriched Portugal and raised her to the front rank among European nations. In time Portugal had a monopoly on the lucrative trade in herbs and spices, supplying Europe with pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg and ginger. The Mediterranean remained relatively unimportant as a trade route until the opening of the Suez Canal and Venice was replaced by Lisbon as the centre of commerce in herbs and spices.
Portugal's influence was extended later as far as Madagascar, Sumatra and Java, and above all to Malacca, famed spice port in the south Malay Peninsula. The island of Ternate became the centre of the spice trade and despite the persistent and often bloody defense of the native Muslims the Portuguese gradually gained a monopoly on the world spice trade.
Portugal's greatest competitors at that time were the Spaniards, who sought a shorter route to India, one that would not entail sailing round the southernmost tip of Africa. As chance would have it it was again a Portuguese - Ferndo de Magalhdes, better known as Magellan, who in the service of Spain and financed by the Spanish King Carlos V, sailed westward in 1519 with a crew of 265 and discovered a new route.
The sobriety of the early 19th century, marked by a preference for Biedermeier sweets eaten while sipping coffee or chocolate, was replaced at the end of the century by a newly revived interest in the cookery of distant lands. Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and other restaurants sprang up in Paris, London and other major European cities and have remained popular and successful to this day.
Herbs and spices have been gaining in popularity since the end of World War II - not only in restaurants but also in the household. Skilful use of herbs and spices is important in all good cookery. It is becoming a hobby for many people not only to cook with herbs and spices, but also to be able to identify fresh herbs, grow them at home or in the garden, and preserve them for winter use.
0 comments:
Post a Comment